Rhesus negative blood type indicates that you do not have protein or Rh factor antigens on the surface of red blood cells. In addition to grouping blood groups A, B, AB, and O, the classification of blood rhesus, positive and negative, is also important from the medical side.
For example, rhesus blood type negative in someone who has type A blood type means having type A antigens on the surface of red blood cells, but does not have Rh (Rh factor) type antigens. Meanwhile, someone with a positive blood type A will have both type A antigens and Rh factor.
Rhesus negative blood type is most commonly found in Caucasians. It is estimated that about 15% of people of that race have negative rhesus. Rhesus negatives are most rarely found in Asian races, which is only about 1% of the Asian race population.
Negative Rhesus Suitable with What Type of Blood Type?
Although blood has the same content, namely red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and blood plasma. However, knowing the exact type of your blood type will be very helpful if a blood transfusion is needed later. Receiving a different type of blood from the blood type that you have can be fatal. This is because the body can form antibodies to ward off foreign cells from donor blood that don't match your blood type.
The formation of antibodies in your blood plasma will depend on the type of blood type you have. For example, the owner of blood type B will form antibodies against blood type A, because the owner of blood type B will treat blood from blood type A as a dangerous substance. Therefore, if a person with blood type B gets a blood transfusion from group A, his body will directly fight the red blood cells. In addition to group A, the owner of blood group B is also unable to receive blood transfusions from group AB.
You can only get a blood transfusion from the same blood group or from a negative O rhesus blood group, and after going through a process called crossmatching. O rhesus negative blood groups do not have A or B antigens, and Rh factors on the surface of red blood cells, so your body does not form antibodies to fight these blood cells.
So for negative rhesus, if you have blood type A, B, AB or O, you can only receive blood transfusions from blood types that have antigens similar to your blood, and do not have Rh type antigens or Rh factors. The following explanation:
- Blood type A rhesus negative can only receive blood from A rhesus negative and O rhesus negative.
- Blood type B rhesus negative can only receive blood from negative B rhesus and negative O rhesus.
- Blood type AB rhesus negative can only receive blood from A rhesus negative, B rhesus negative, AB rhesus negative, and O rhesus negative.
- O rhesus negative blood type can only accept from O rhesus negative.
O rhesus negative blood group is also known as a universal red blood cell donor because it does not have A, B, and Rh factors. However, he can only accept blood donors from negative O rhesus groups only.
Negative Rhesus and Pregnancy
Pregnant women who do not have Rh (rhesus negative) type antigens in their blood with a partner who has Rh (rhesus positive antigen) will likely decrease Rh antigens in their fetus.
If rhesus mismatch occurs between the mother and the fetus, the mother's body can develop antibodies to the type of blood the fetus has. Antibodies are formed when a small amount of maternal blood can be mixed with the blood of the fetus. Your body can form an immune reaction against your own fetus. It's possible your antibodies will cross the placenta and ward off the baby's blood, causing the fetus to have hemolytic anemia which will be fatal if not treated immediately. This medical condition is also called rhesus disease.
If you have a rhesus negative blood type, then there is a chance that your doctor will give you an injection of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) before 28 weeks of gestation and after delivery. Consult your doctor if you have a rhesus negative blood type and want to plan a pregnancy. RhIg injections may not be much help if your body has formed antibodies from a previous pregnancy.
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